What does ARF GEF do?

ARF-GEFs (guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases) are essential for vesicular trafficking in all eukaryotic kingdoms, but of the eight ARF-GEF families, only the ancestral BIG and GBF types are found in plants1,2.

What is ARF gap?

The ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) Arf GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are a family of proteins that induce hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf. A conserved domain containing a zinc finger motif mediates catalysis. The substrate, Arf. GTP, affects membrane trafficking and actin remodelling.

Where is ARF protein located?

ARF family proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, and six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells. Although ARFs are soluble, they generally associate with membranes because of N-terminus myristoylation.

Is Dynamin a protein?

On the basis of its primary sequence, dynamin, a cytosolic protein, has typically been described as comprising: an amino-terminal G domain; a ‘middle’ or ‘stalk’ region; a pleckstrin homology domain (PH domain); a GTPase effector domain (GED), so called because of its interactions with the G domain39; and a Pro-rich …

Does GPCR have GEF activity?

GPCRs are a very large family (>800) of heptahelical membrane spanning proteins that bind ligands on the outside of the cell, leading to conformational changes that activate latent GEF activity for heterotrimeric G proteins on the cytoplasmic surface, promoting release of GDP and binding of the activating GTP.

Does ARF activate p53?

ARF checkpoint control. ARFresponds to proliferative signals that are normally required for cell proliferation. When these signals exceed a critical threshold, the ARF-dependent checkpoint (gray vertical barrel) is activated, and ARF triggers a p53-dependent response that induces growth arrest and/or apoptosis.

What is ARF in cell biology?

ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. ARF family proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, and six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells.

Why was ARF created?

Established in 1994, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is an important platform for security dialogue in the Indo-Pacific. It provides a setting in which members can discuss current security issues and develop cooperative measures to enhance peace and security in the region.