What is the differential diagnosis of leukocoria?
These include persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), Coats’ disease, ocular toxocariasis, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal hamartomas (Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis, von Recklinhausen’s disease), congenital falciform fold or organized vitreous hemorrhage (Howard and Ellsworth 1965a; Shields, Shields et …
What does leukocoria mean?
Leukocoria means ‘white pupil’ or ‘cat’s eye pupil. ‘ Leukocoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex more clearly seen on mydriasis or photography. It is often the first sign of a range of serious intraocular disorders.
What is the most common cause of leukocoria?
Many conditions cause leukocoria including cataract, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, intraocular infection (endophthalmitis), retinal vascular abnormality (such as Coat’s Disease), and intraocular tumor (retinoblastoma).
How do you detect leukocoria?
Leukocoria can be detected by a routine eye exam (see Ophthalmoscopy). For screening purposes, the red reflex test is used. In this test, when a light is shone briefly through the pupil, an orange red reflection is normal. A white reflection is leukocoria.
What are the causes of leukocoria?
Leukocoria can be caused by abnormalities in the lens (eg, cataract), vitreous (eg, hemorrhage), or retina (eg, retinoblastoma) (table 1) [1,2]. It can be the initial manifestation of a wide spectrum of intraocular and systemic disease processes [3-7].
What is leukocoria in retinoblastoma?
Leukocoria, meaning “white pupil,” originates from the Greek words “leukos” (white) and “kore” (pupil). It refers to the reflection of white light seen upon direct illumination of the fundus through the pupil, in contrast to the usual red glow. Leukocoria of the right eye due to retinoblastoma.
What makes a pupil white?
The normal appearance of the pupil of the human eye is black. The appearance of a white pupil is never a normal condition and requires immediate evaluation by specialists trained in ophthalmology. A cloudy cornea or cataract may be mistaken for a white pupil, but usually a white pupil is due to infection or disease.
Is leukocoria an emergency?
The detection of leukocoria in a pediatric patient is therefore considered an ocular emergency that requires urgent evaluation by an ophthalmologist. Usually it is the parents who are the first to notice the strange appearance of their child’s eye.
What life threatening condition frequently presents as leukocoria?
Retinoblastoma is the most feared cause of leukocoria because of its potential to metastasize and cause death. It is the most common malignant ocular tumor of childhood, with an incidence of about 1/15,000. Leukocoria, the most common presenting sign, is caused by light reflection from the tumor’s white surface (Fig.
What does a white reflection in the eye mean?
Light entering the eye at a certain angle may be reflected from the optic nerve. This becomes magnified and the white eye effect may be seen. Cataract: this is the second most common cause of a white reflex. A clouding that develops in the lens of the eye may show up as a white eye effect in a photo.
Why does retinoblastoma cause leukocoria?
What does a cloudy pupil mean?
The appearance of a white pupil is never a normal condition and requires immediate evaluation by specialists trained in ophthalmology. A cloudy cornea or cataract may be mistaken for a white pupil, but usually a white pupil is due to infection or disease.
Many conditions cause leukocoria including cataract, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, intraocular infection (endophthalmitis), retinal vascular abnormality (such as Coat’s Disease), and intraocular tumor ( retinoblastoma ).
How does an ophthalmologist diagnose leukocoria?
HOW DOES AN OPHTHALMOLOGIST DETECT LEUKOCORIA? Ophthalmologists utilize an ophthalmoscope to directly visualize the interior of the eye. Dilating eye drops are generally used to enlarge the pupil which enables a more thorough examination. WHAT CONDITIONS CAUSE LEUKOCORIA?
What causes leukocoria in cats?
Many conditions cause leukocoria including cataract, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, intraocular infection (endophthalmitis), retinal vascular abnormality (such as Coat’s Disease), and intraocular tumor (retinoblastoma).
What is leukocoria (red reflex)?
The normal red reflex of the human eye is due to the retro-illumination of normal choroidal vasculature reflecting thorough the retina, vitreous, lens, pupil, and cornea. Any interference in any of these structures would give an altered red reflex or Leukocoria. Some of the common causes of Leukocoria are: