What is NINO3 index?
The NINO3. 4 index is one of several El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indicators based on sea surface temperatures. NINO3. 4 is the average sea surface temperature anomaly in the region bounded by 5°N to 5°S, from 170°W to 120°W.
What is ENSO data?
El Niño and the Southern Oscillation, also known as ENSO is a periodic fluctuation (i.e., every 2–7 years) in sea surface temperature (El Niño) and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere (Southern Oscillation) across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
How do you calculate El Nino?
There are three main ways to measure an El Niño event:
- By measuring trade winds.
- By measuring pressure and calculating the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).
- By measuring sea surface temperature using the TAO array and calculating an index.
What is the ENSO 3.4 area?
El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) The most commonly used region is the Niño 3.4 region, and the most commonly used threshold is a positive SST departure from normal greater than or equal to +0.5°C.
What is Oni La Niña?
The ONI is the rolling 3-month average temperature anomaly—difference from average—in the surface waters of the east-central tropical Pacific, near the International Dateline. Index values of +0.5 or higher indicate El Niño. Values of -0.5 or lower indicate La Niña.
What is Southern Oscillation or so?
Southern oscillation refers to shifting the surface air pressure between the tropical eastern Pacific and eastern Indian oceans. An important feature connected with the Southern Oscillation (SO) is the El Nino.
What is the Niño 4 index?
This is the operational definition used by NOAA. Niño 4 (5N-5S, 160E-150W): The Niño 4 index captures SST anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific. This region tends to have less variance than the other Niño regions.
What is the format of the Niño data?
Get Data: Niño 3.4 (anomaly; 1981-2010 mean removed): Standard PSL Format ( What is standard format?) Niño 3.4: Standard PSL Format ( What is standard format?) Data is from PSL using the HadISST1 dataset.
What is the niño3 SST anomaly index?
The Niño3 SST anomaly index is an indicator of eastern tropical Pacific El Niño conditions. It is calculated with SSTs in the box 150°W – 90°W, 5°S – 5°N.
How are El Niño and La Niña anomalies calculated?
Usually the anomalies are computed relative to a base period of 30 years. The Niño 3.4 index and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) are the most commonly used indices to define El Niño and La Niña events. Other indices are used to help characterize the unique nature of each event.