What is a restrained eater?

Restrained eating refers to the intention to restrict food intake deliberately in order to prevent weight gain or to promote weight loss (Tuschl, 1990).

What is true of restrained eating?

Restrained eating refers to the conscious effort to restrict one’s food intake by avoiding or limiting certain food groups or by eating less, or a combination of both in order prevent weight gain or to lose weight.

What is restrained consumption?

Restrained eating, which refers to the conscious effort to restrict intake of certain types and amounts of foods in order avoid weight gain (Lowe & Kral, 2005), was first investigated as a psychological variable by Herman and Polivy (1975).

What is dietary restraint?

Dietary restraint is defined as a tendency to consciously restrict or control food intake, whereas dietary disinhibition is defined as a tendency to overeat in the presence of palatable foods or other disinhibiting stimuli, such as emotional stress (5).

What is restrained eating and how do we identify it?

Restrained eating was defined as a cycle of restriction and indulgence in overeating as a reaction to the stresses and demands of chronic dieting. Both the restriction and the disinhibition of restraints were considered to be essential aspect of the concept of restrained eating (Polivy & Herman, 1985; 1987).

What is disinhibited eating?

One of the recognized eating behavior constructs is ‘disinhibited eating,’ which refers to the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotional states or the presence of highly palatable foods.

What is restraint theory?

Introduction. Restraint theory (Herman and Polivy, 1975) suggests that human eating behaviour is under cognitive control and this leads to reduced sensitivity to internal cues for satiety, resulting in overeating in situations where cognitive control is under-mined (Johnson et al., 2012).

What pattern of eating Do restrained eaters generally follow?

In experimental studies, restrained eaters will consume more after eating “forbidden” (i.e., diet rule–violating) foods (for a review, see Stroebe, 2008), undergoing a negative mood induction (Cardi et al., 2015), or being exposed to threats to their self-esteem (Wallis and Hetherington, 2004).

What is external eating?

One trait characteristic which has been identified as a vulnerability factor for overeating is ‘external eating’. This refers to an increased tendency to eat in response to external cues, such as sight or smell of food.

What is flexible restraint?

Flexible restraint means putting a moderate level of control on eating to manage a healthy weight. An eating plan that incorporates the concept of flexible restraint provides enough structure to limit food intake to encourage weight loss, while avoiding fostering feelings of deprivation and tight restrictions.

What is a weight cycle?

Weight cycling is losing weight and regaining it over and over. It’s called “yo-yo” dieting when it happens because of dieting. Weight cycles can be big (50 pounds or more) or small (5-10 pounds).

What is restraint theory in health psychology?

Restraint theory (Herman and Polivy, 1975) suggests that human eating behaviour is under cognitive control and this leads to reduced sensitivity to internal cues for satiety, resulting in overeating in situations where cognitive control is under-mined (Johnson et al., 2012).

How to define and measure restraint eating?

Defining and measuring such qualities as restrained eating or dieting may require more than simply administering questionnaires and assuming that we are identifying the population that we wish to study. Different questionnaires may identify different types of restrained eaters, and even deciding wha …

How do restrained and unrestrained eaters react to food-and diet-related cues?

Restrained eaters attend more strongly to food- and diet-related cues than do unrestrained eaters, as evidenced in both their eating behavior and their attention and memory responses to such cues. These effects interact with expectations and manner of presentation of such cues.

Are restraint eaters prone to overeating?

This finding accords well with the laboratory studies showing that restrained eaters are prone to episodes of overeating under conditions of stress, forced preloads, or exposure to tempting food cues (see Herman & Polivy, 2011b &b for reviews).

What are the two subpopulations of restraint eaters?

As Van Strien (1997, page 186) pointed out, “Within the population of restraint eaters there are two subpopulations: those with a low versus those with a high tendency toward overeating – successful and failed dieters, respectively.” 7. Self-reports as a means of identifying restrained and unrestrained eaters