How is translocation factor calculated?
2.3 Coefficient and translocation factor of heavy metals Moreover, the translocation factor (TF) was calculated to estimate the transfer of heavy metals from roots to shoots of Ochradenus baccatus TF=(Cshoot/Croot) [21].
What is the unit of bioaccumulation factor?
The unit of BCF is L/kg. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) may also be expressed as the ratio of the uptake rate constant (k1) to the depuration rate constant (k2).
What is Bcf in ecology?
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the ratio of the concentration of the substance in a specific genus to the exposure concentration, at equilibrium.
What do you mean by BCF BMF and BAF?
Bio-concentration factor (BCF), bio-accumulation factor (BAF) and biomagnification factor (BMF) can be used in assessing the bioaccumulation potential of a substance.
What is the translocation factor?
The translocation factor (TF), also called shoot-root quotient, explains an ability of a plant to translocate the metal from roots through shoots and leaves of a plant which is primarily responsible for phytoextraction.
What is meant by phytoextraction?
The use of plants to remove contaminants from the environment and concentrate them in above-ground plant tissue is known as phytoextraction.
How is bioaccumulation measured?
Bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediment can be measured directly through the collection of organisms from the field, transplant studies, and laboratory tests, or it can be predicted using models.
How do you calculate BMF?
The simplest measure is the Biomagnification Factor (BMF), which is described as the ratio of the chemical concentrations in the organism (CB) and the diet of the organism (CD), i.e., BMF = CB/CD, where the chemical are usually expressed in units of mass of chemical per kg of the organism (in wet weight or in a lipid …
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and bioconcentration?
Bioconcentration describes the accumulation of a water-borne chemical by an aquatic organism, whereas bioaccumulation covers the uptake from all environmental sources, e.g. water, food and sediment.
What is the difference between Bioamplification and bioaccumulation?
One difference is that bioaccumulation refers to the build-up of the chemical in the body of one organism while biomagnification refers to the build-up in multiple organisms. Biomagnification also requires movement up a food chain in order to occur, while bioaccumulation does not require that the animal be eaten.
What is bioremediation and phytoremediation?
Bioremediation refers to the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site while phytoremediation refers to a process of decontaminating soil or water by using plants and trees to absorb or break down …
What is bioaccumulation factor in biology?
Bioaccumulation of a chemical is often reported by bioaccumulation factors (BAF, L kg − 1 lipid, eqn), to describe the increase of contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from water to biota due to uptake from all exposure routes. BAF = PO P BIOTA LIPID CORRECTED PO P WATER DISSOLVED
How do you calculate bioconcentration factors?
Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are calculated by considering pesticide tissue concentrations with respect to environmental pesticide concentrations. BCF values > 1 indicate that the concentration in the organism is greater than that of the medium ( e.g., soil or water) from which the pesticide was taken.
How do you calculate biota to sediment ratio?
Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) are calculated by dividing the lipid normalized concentration of a chemical in an organism by the chemical concentration in the sediment (dry weight), normalized to the organic carbon content of the sediment ( Equation F5) (USEPA 2003).
What is the bioconcentration/bioaccumulation factor in aquatic species?
The chemical has a bioconcentration/bioaccumulation factor in aquatic species >5000 (or, in the absence of such data, a log Kow >5); The chemical presents other reasons for concern (e.g., high bioaccumulation in other species, high toxicity, or high ecotoxicity); or