What are phenolic compounds in water?
Phenolic compounds exist in water bodies due to the discharge of polluted wastewater from industrial, agricultural and domestic activities into water bodies. They also occur as a result of natural phenomena.
What are some examples of phenolic compounds?
Many phenolic compounds were discovered and used long before chemists were able to determine their structures. Therefore, trivial names (i.e., vanillin, salicylic acid, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, cresol, hydroquinone, and eugenol) are often used for the most common phenolic compounds.
What are phenolic compounds used for?
From a human physiological standpoint, phenolic compounds are vital in defense responses, such as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities.
How do you remove phenolic compounds from water?
Phenol removal from water requires a specialised tertiary process like Nyex™ Rosalox which localises the benzene contaminant onto the surface of a patented adsorbent media. A low electrical current is applied to the media bed which oxidises the organic chemical, leaving the clean water to flow from the system.
How does phenol react with water?
You can recognise phenol because: It is fairly insoluble in water. It reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to give a colourless solution (and therefore must be acidic). It does not react with sodium carbonate or hydrogencarbonate solutions (and so must be only very weakly acidic).
How many phenolic compounds are there?
Flavonoids and the other phenolic compounds are commonly known as plant secondary metabolites that hold an aromatic ring bearing at least one hydroxyl groups. More than 8000 phenolic compounds as naturally occurring substances from plants have been reported [1,2].
Which of the following is phenolic compounds?
Picric acid is phenol. This is an organic compound with formula (NO2)3C6H2⋅OH.
Is phenol stable in water?
WaterPhenol / Soluble in
What happens when phenol is treated with br2 in water?
Phenol produces a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromophenolol when combined with excess bromine water. In order to have 2,4,6-tribromophenol, phenol reacts with bromine water. The ionisation is promoted in liquids.
Where do phenolic compounds come from in water?
Sources of phenolic compounds in water The existence of phenolic compounds in water can be attributed to natural and anthropogenic activities. Natural sources of phenolic compounds in water pollution include decomposition of dead plants and animals (organic matter) in the water.
Are phenolic compounds a danger to the aquatic environment?
The occurrence of phenolic compounds in the aquatic environment is therefore not only objectionable and undesirable but also poses a danger as far as human health and wildlife are concerned.
How to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater?
Biological method of phenolic compound removal from wastewater is subdivided into microbial and enzymatic methods. The microbial method involves the deployment of bacteria, yeast and fungi in breaking down the phenolics into harmless products such as carbon dioxide and water.
What is the classification of phenolic compounds?
Phenolic compounds are classified into different groups based on different factors. Among these factors of categorisation are the carbon chain, basic phenolic skeleton or the number of phenol units present in the molecule, distribution in nature and location in plants. 2.1. Classification based on carbon chain