What is a duplicate chromosome called?
​Chromatid A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, the chromosomes first replicate so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
What are genetic chips?
Gene chips are postage stamp-sized glass wafers that contain half a million or more tiny cells. Each cell holds DNA from a different gene. This array makes it possible to carry out a very large number of genetic tests on a single sample of genomic DNA at one time.
When are chromosomes duplicated?
interphase
Then, at a critical point during interphase (called the S phase), the cell duplicates its chromosomes and ensures its systems are ready for cell division. If all conditions are ideal, the cell is now ready to move into the first phase of mitosis.
Why are chromosomes duplicated?
Duplications arise from an event termed unequal crossing-over that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes. The chance of it happening is a function of the degree of sharing of repetitive elements between two chromosomes.
How does a DNA chip work?
The unknown DNA molecules are cut into fragments by restriction endonucleases; fluorescent markers are attached to these DNA fragments. These are then allowed to react with probes of the DNA chip. Then the target DNA fragments along with complementary sequences bind to the DNA probes.
How does shotgun cloning differ from the clone by clone method?
By removing the mapping stages, whole genome shotgun sequencing is a much faster process than clone-by-clone sequencing. Whole genome shotgun sequencing uses a fraction of the DNA that clone-by-clone sequencing needs. Whole genome shotgun sequencing is particularly efficient if there is an existing reference sequence.
What is the difference between SNP and SNV?
Single nucleotide variant (SNV) A SNV can be rare in one population but common in a different population. Sometimes SNVs are known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), although SNV and SNPs are not interchangeable. To qualify as a SNP, the variant must be present in at least 1% of the population.
What is the difference between a SNP and an allele?
If a SNP occurs within a gene, then the gene is described as having more than one allele. In these cases, SNPs may lead to variations in the amino acid sequence. SNPs, however, are not just associated with genes; they can also occur in noncoding regions of DNA.
What is meant by chromosome duplication?
Chromosome duplication requires both the replication of the long DNA molecule in each chromosome and the assembly of a new set of chromosomal proteins onto the DNA to form chromatin. (copied chromosome) Home Study Guides Science Math and Arithmetic History Literature and Language
What is a replicated chromosome made up of?
A replicated chromosome consists of an exact copy (assuming no mutations) of the original chromosome, which is composed of DNA and proteins called histones. Each human chromosome is replicated in about how many sections?
How many DNA double helix are there in a chromosome?
In late anaphase and G1 of interphase, a chromosome is unreplicated and consists of a single DNA double helix. A replicated chromosome contains two identical DNA double helices.