What is two-tone suppression?
Two-tone rate suppression is a nonlinear property of the cochlea in which the total neural firing rate in the region most sensitive to a probe tone is reduced by the addition of a second (suppressor) tone at a different frequency.
Why does two-tone suppression occur?
It is generally believed that two-tone suppression arises when partial saturation of outer hair cell (OHC) mechano-transduction current at the suppressor frequency reduces the magnitude of OHC mechano-transduction current (and thus OHC voltage and OHC-based forces) at the probe frequency (6, 8).
What is characteristic frequency in hearing?
The characteristic frequency (CF) of a particular place along the membrane is the frequency that peaks at that point. If more than one tone is present at a time, then their vibrations on the membrane add together (but see remarks on non-linearity).
What does the basilar membrane do?
the basilar membrane is found in the cochlea; it forms the base of the organ of Corti, which contains sensory receptors for hearing. Movement of the basilar membrane in response to sound waves causes the depolarization of hair cells in the organ of Corti.
At what frequencies does the human middle ear help to amplify sound?
The concha provides a maximum gain of 10 dB at 4-5 kHz, while the ear canal provides a similar gain, peaking at 2.5 kHz. When taken together, the components of the external ear maximally amplify sound at frequencies from 2-5 kHz, with the maximal gain being 20 dB at 2.5 Hz.
What is your inner ear called?
inner ear, also called labyrinth of the ear, part of the ear that contains organs of the senses of hearing and equilibrium. The bony labyrinth, a cavity in the temporal bone, is divided into three sections: the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.
What are semicircular canals?
Your semicircular canals are three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in your inner ear that help you keep your balance. When your head moves around, the liquid inside the semicircular canals sloshes around and moves the tiny hairs that line each canal.
What is the Corti?
Introduction. The Organ of Corti is an organ of the inner ear located within the cochlea which contributes to audition. The Organ of Corti includes three rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells. Vibrations caused by sound waves bend the stereocilia on these hair cells via an electromechanical force.
What is temporal coding?
a type of neural plotting of the precise timing of the points of maximum intensity (spikes) between action potentials. It can provide valuable additional detail to information obtained through simple rate coding.
What is two phase locking in DBMS?
Two-Phase Locking (2PL) is a concurrency control method which divides the execution phase of a transaction into three parts. It ensures conflict serializable schedules. If read and write operations introduce the first unlock operation in the transaction, then it is said to be Two-Phase Locking Protocol.
What is 2 Tone suppression?
2. Two-tone suppression (reduction in the response to one tone due to the presence of another) was demonstrated for CF probe tones and suppressor tones with frequencies both higher and lower than CF, at moderately low stimulus levels, including probe-suppressor combinations for which responses to the suppressor were lower than responses to
Does two-tone suppression occur in cochlear hair cells?
Two-tone suppression in cochlear hair cells. Abstract. The phenomenon of two-tone suppression that is known to occur at the level of the auditory nerve is shown to also occur in the receptor potential of single presumed inner hair cells in the first turn of the guinea pig cochlea.
Where does neural two-tone rate suppression originate?
Because all of the features of two-tone suppression at the basilar membrane match qualitatively (and, generally, also quantitatively) the features of two-tone rate suppression in auditory-nerve fibers, it is concluded that neural two-tone rate suppression originates in mechanical phenomena at the basilar membrane. 11.
Is there two-tone suppression in the Guinea Pig Cochlea?
227 ~O-TONE SUPPRESSION IN C~HLEAR HAIRCELLS of Sussex, The phenomenon of two-tone suppression that is known to occur at the level of the auditory nerve is shown to also occur in the receptor potential of shagle presumed inner hair cells in the first turn of the guinea pig cochlea. Key words: two-tone suppression; cochlea: hair cell.