Which is the first step in translation?

Translation is generally divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination (Figure 7.8). In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes the first step of the initiation stage is the binding of a specific initiator methionyl tRNA and the mRNA to the small ribosomal subunit.

Does splicing occur before polyadenylation?

For short transcription units, RNA splicing usually follows cleavage and polyadenylation of the 3′ end of the primary transcript. But for long transcription units containing multiple exons, splicing of exons in the nascent RNA usually begins before transcription of the gene is complete.

Does transcription happen first?

Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).

What are the steps in transcription?

Transcription involves four steps:

• Initiation. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex.
• Elongation. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesising an mRNA molecule.
• Termination. In prokaryotes there are two ways in which transcription is terminated.
• Processing.

Is transcription or translation faster?

Interestingly, since every 3 base pairs code for one amino acid, the rates of the two processes are nearly matched and as noted above, this is probably not accidental. Translation that is faster than transcription would cause the ribosome to “collide” with the RNA polymerase.

Does translation begin at the start codon?

The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and Archaea and a N-formylmethionine (fMet) in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids.

What are the three steps of RNA processing?

The three most important steps of pre-mRNA processing are the addition of stabilizing and signaling factors at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the molecule, and the removal of the introns ((Figure)). In rare cases, the mRNA transcript can be “edited” after it is transcribed.

What is included in RNA processing?

RNA serves a multitude of functions within cells. Thus, RNA processing refers to any modification made to RNA between its transcription and its final function in the cell. These processing steps include the removal of extra sections of RNA, specific modifications of RNA bases, and modifications of the ends of the RNA.

Does translation occur first?

RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein. Transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA. It is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA).

What are three differences between transcription and translation?

Translation. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

How does polymerase know where to start and stop?

How does the RNA polymerase know where to start and stop? Each gene has a beginning and an end. At the beginning of each gene is a similar sequence that tells the RNA polymerase to start working. The same is true at the end of each gene where a specific sequence tells the RNA polymerase to stop transcription.

Is transcription or translation first?

Cell uses the genes to synthesize proteins. This is a two-step process. The first step is transcription in which the sequence of one gene is replicated in an RNA molecule. The second step is translation in which the RNA molecule serves as a code for the formation of an amino-acid chain (a polypeptide).

What is the function of the 5 cap sequence?

The 5′ cap is added to the first nucleotide in the transcript during transcription. The cap is a modified guanine (G) nucleotide, and it protects the transcript from being broken down. It also helps the ribosome attach to the mRNA and start reading it to make a protein.

What are the steps in translation?

Translation happens in four stages: activation (make ready), initiation (start), elongation (make longer) and termination (stop). These terms describe the growth of the amino acid chain (polypeptide). Amino acids are brought to ribosomes and assembled into proteins.

How does the enzyme know where to start and stop transcription?

Once transcription starts, the sigma factor falls off, and the core enzyme continues copying the DNA into RNA till it reaches a terminator. A terminator is a sequence of DNA that signals RNA polymerase to stop transcribing.

Which of the following is not needed for DNA transcription?

The mRNA however, serve as a template for protein synthesis through translation. Transcription unit is a specific section of DNA which is transcribed into mRNA. The transcription unit has three main parts;a promoter, a structural gene and a terminator. Thus, the correct answer is option A.