Who was pope in 1120?
Calixtus II
In 1120 Calixtus II issued the papal bull Sicut Judaeis (Latin: “As the Jews”) setting out the official position of the papacy regarding the treatment of Jews. It was prompted by the First Crusade, during which over five thousand Jews were slaughtered in Europe.
Who became pope in 1429?
Born in 1378, the future Pope Callixtus III grew up in Canals, which was part of the Kingdom of Valencia. His parents were Juan Domingo and Francina Llancol who later had four daughters. They had him baptized in Xativa in Saint Mary’s Basilica.
What did the Concordat of Worms do?
Worms, Concordat of, 1122, agreement reached by Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to put an end to the struggle over investiture. By its terms the emperor guaranteed free election of bishops and abbots and renounced the right to invest them with ring and staff, the symbols of their spiritual duties.
Who was pope in 1290?
Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII (Latin: Bonifatius PP. VIII; born Benedetto Caetani, c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303.
Who was the pope before Alexander the sixth?
Innocent VIII
| Pope Alexander VI | |
|---|---|
| Papacy ended | 18 August 1503 |
| Predecessor | Innocent VIII |
| Successor | Pius III |
| Orders |
What were some accomplishments of Pope Innocent III What did he forbid priests to do?
Elected pope on January 8, 1198, Innocent III reformed the Roman Curia, reestablished and expanded the pope’s authority over the Papal States, worked tirelessly to launch Crusades to recover the Holy Land, combated heresy in Italy and southern France, shaped a powerful and original doctrine of papal power within the …
What significant event happened in 1122?
Concordat of Worms, compromise arranged in 1122 between Pope Calixtus II (1119–24) and the Holy Roman emperor Henry V (reigned 1106–25) settling the Investiture Controversy, a struggle between the empire and the papacy over the control of church offices.
Who was Pope Callixtus III?
Pope Callixtus III (31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfonso de Borgia ( Valencian: Alfons de Borja ), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death. Borgia spent his early career as a professor of law at the University of Lleida; he later served as a diplomat for the kings of Aragon.
What do you think of Calixtus III?
“Except for his nepotism, Calixtus III deserves high praise, more especially for the energy, constancy and purpose which he displayed in dealing with the burning question of the day – the protection of Western civilization from the Turkish power.
What did Callixtus do for the Catholic Church?
During the siege of Belgrade (1456), Callixtus initiated the custom that bells be rung at midday to remind the faithful to pray for the crusaders. The tradition of the Angelus noon bell still exists in most Catholic Churches to this day. He was also responsible for the retrial of Joan of Arc that saw her vindicated.
Why did Callixtus III excommunicate Halley’s comet?
According to one story that first appeared in a 1475 posthumous biography and was subsequently embellished and popularized by Pierre-Simon Laplace, Callixtus III excommunicated the 1456 appearance of Halley’s Comet, believing it to be an ill omen for the Christian defenders of Belgrade from the besieging armies of the Ottoman Empire.