What is refractory mania?

Refractory mania  Rare as a condition (i.e. longstanding, unremitting symptoms of mania are rare)  More often manifest as increased cycling  Evidence-based prescribing in short and long term can reduce likelihood of treatment failure and cycle acceleration. 3.

What is refractory bipolar disorder?

Treatment-refractory bipolar disorder is defined as bipolar disorder that is non-responsive to at least two trials of dissimilar treatments of adequate dose and duration.

What is a refractory psychiatric disorder?

The Refractory Mood Disorders Program, part of the Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, leads research in the development of innovative treatment options for refractory mood disorders. Refractory, also known as treatment-resistant, describes conditions that do not respond to at least two different medications.

Is clozapine a mood stabilizer?

Conclusion: Clozapine monotherapy is an effective mood stabilizer, reducing both the number of affective episodes and rehospitalizations in patients with severe refractory bipolar illness.

Is clozapine used for bipolar disorder?

Clozapine has been used in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder (TRBD) for almost 30 years. It reduces symptom severity in manic and mixed episodes and decreases the need for use of concomitant psychotropic drugs.

Is clozapine good for mania?

The American Psychiatric Association’s guidelines state that clozapine may be particularly effective in refractory cases of bipolar mania [5]. Although large-scale studies have been few and far between, there are certain studies that reveal clozapine to be effective in cases of treatment resistant mania.

What is treatment refractory bipolar disorder?

Sachs3 suggested that the term “treatment-resistant bipolar disorder” should be reserved for patients who do not respond to a combination of 2 standard medications in a specific period, such as 6 weeks for mania, and 6 months or 3 cycle-lengths for maintenance.

What is refractory major depression?

Refractory MDD is characterized by recurrent, long-lasting cycles of severe, often suicidal depressive episodes that do not remit using multiple types of antidepressant therapies.

What are refractory hallucinations?

Refractory psychosis can be present from the first episode, or it can develop after years of prolonged response to antipsychotic treatment with periods of remission. The cause of psychosis in those whose psychotic symptoms respond to typical antipsychotics may involve enhanced release of dopamine.