How many types of hernia are there?
The most common types of hernia are inguinal (inner groin), incisional (resulting from an incision), femoral (outer groin), umbilical (belly button), and hiatal (upper stomach). In an inguinal hernia, the intestine or the bladder protrudes through the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal in the groin.
What is a Spigelian hernia and what causes it?
Like other hernias, the spigelian type is mainly caused by an opening or a weakness in the abdominal wall. Other common causes include: Long-standing medical conditions that increase abdominal pressure, like chronic coughing, liver cirrhosis with fluid collection (ascites), pregnancy, and obesity.
What is a Supraumbilical hernia?
A supraumbilical hernia is a hernia just above the bellybutton. The bellybutton skin is often normally tethered but then bulges out on its top side. A supraumbilical hernia is actually a specific type of epigastric hernia rather than a type of umbilical hernia.
What is the difference between a hiatal hernia and a hiatus hernia?
A hiatal hernia is when your stomach bulges up into your chest through an opening in your diaphragm, the muscle that separates the two areas. The opening is called the hiatus, so this condition is also called a hiatus hernia.
How serious is a Spigelian hernia?
Spigelian hernias are treacherous and have a real risk of strangulation. The risk of strangulation is higher because of sharp fascial margin around the defect. Richter type of hernia has also been reported to occur with spigelian hernia. For this reason, surgery should be advised in all patients.
What aggravates a Spigelian hernia?
Risk factors for a spigelian hernia include: a chronic cough, such as with the lung condition COPD. frequently straining to have a bowel movement. trauma to the abdomen, such as during surgery or due to a major injury.
What is a gingival flap surgery?
A Gingival Flap Surgery is performed to treat gum disease (periodontitis), to prevent the gum infection from spreading, and for improving one’s cosmetic appearance. What are some Alternative Choices for the Procedure? A Gingival Flap Surgery is performed when medical therapy has failed.
When is a gingival flap indicated for periodontal pocket?
If a periodontal pocket is greater than 5 mm, closed root planing will be challenging and ineffective, so a gingival flap will expose the site for adequate treatment
What are the types of hiatal hernias?
Ninety-five percent of hiatal hernias are type I or sliding hiatal hernias which involve migration of the gastroesophageal junction into the chest. Type I sliding hiatal hernias are extremely common. They result from laxity of the ligaments that connect the lower esophagus to the diaphragm.
What is the proper placement of the attached gingiva during a flap?
One exception is to elevate through the attached gingiva to the level of the alveolar mucosa if the flap is to be sutured so the gingiva is placed further apically down the root (apically repositioned flap [ARF]—a procedure used to minimize soft tissue pocket depth and maximize contact between the remaining attached gingiva and bone)