Is apomorphine soluble in water?
Structure for Apomorphine hydrochloride (DBSALT000818)
| Property | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water Solubility | 0.51 mg/mL | ALOGPS |
| logP | 2.51 | ALOGPS |
| logP | 2.94 | ChemAxon |
| logS | -2.7 | ALOGPS |
How do you dissolve apomorphine?
For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, (−)-apomorphine (hydrochloride hydrate) should first be dissolved in DMF and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. (−)-Apomorphine (hydrochloride hydrate) has a solubility of approximately 0.5 mg/ml in a 1:1 solution of DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method.
What is apomorphine HCl used for?
Apomorphine injection is used to treat ”off” episodes (times of difficulty moving, walking, and speaking that may happen as medication wears off or at random) in people with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD; a disorder of the nervous system that causes difficulties with movement, muscle control, and balance) who are …
What is the pH of apomorphine?
Table 2
| Apomorphine HCl in different solutions | Experimental temperature (°C) | pH at 336 hours# |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1% AA | 37 | 3.93 |
| 0.1% SMB | 25 | 3.84 |
| 32 | 3.63 | |
| 37 | 3.45 |
What is the difference between morphine and apomorphine?
The compound is historically a morphine decomposition product made by boiling morphine with concentrated acid, hence the -morphine suffix. Contrary to its name, apomorphine does not actually contain morphine or its skeleton, nor does it bind to opioid receptors.
What is the mechanism of action of apomorphine?
Apomorphine is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high binding affinity to dopamine D2, D3, and D5 receptors. Stimulation of D2 receptors in the caudate-putamen, a region of the brain responsible for locomotor control, may be responsible for apomorphine’s action.
How does apomorphine work for erectile dysfunction?
Apomorphine is a novel, oral erectogenic agent taken sublingually. It exerts its effect on hypothalamic centres involved in the triggering of the erection cascade. It dissolves rapidly and results in an erection in responders in approximately 20 min.
Is apomorphine used for erectile dysfunction?
Apomorphine SL (Ixense, Uprima) is a new oral medication shown to be effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This compound is a dopaminergic agonist with affinity for dopamine receptor sites – mostly D(2) – within the brain known to be involved in sexual function.
Does apomorphine make humans vomit?
Apomorphine causes vomiting by acting on dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla; this activates the nearby vomiting center.
What is apomorphine hydrochloride made from?
The modern medical history of apomorphine begins with its synthesis by Arppe in 1845 from morphine and sulfuric acid, although it was named sulphomorphide at first. Matthiesen and Wright (1869) used hydrochloric acid instead of sulfuric acid in the process, naming the resulting compound apomorphine.
How do you dissolve xylazine?
Xylazine is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, xylazine should first be dissolved in DMSO and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. Xylazine has a solubility of approximately 0.5 mg/ml in a 1:1 solution of DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method.
What is apomorphine hydrochloride?
Apomorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of apomorphine, a derivative of morphine and non- ergoline dopamine agonist with high selectivity for dopamine D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors.
What are the risks of apomorphine hydrochloride injections?
The commercially available formulation of apomorphine hydrochloride injection contains sodium metabisulfite, which can cause serious allergic-type reactions in certain susceptible individuals.
Is Apomorphine a dopamine agonist?
Apomorphine is a derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. Apomorphine is a Dopaminergic Agonist.
How long does it take for apomorphine to work?
Apomorphine hydrochloride is a lipophilic compound that is rapidly absorbed (time to peak concentration ranges from 10 to 60 minutes) following subcutaneous administration into the abdominal wall. After subcutaneous administration, apomorphine appears to have bioavailability equal to that of an intravenous administration.