What is skeletal muscle differentiation?
Differentiation of skeletal muscle is a highly controlled, multistep process, during which single muscle cells initially freely divide and then align and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. This process of muscle differentiation in vivo is governed by a complex interplay of a wide range of growth and trophic factors.
What is muscle cell differentiation?
MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION Muscle cell differentiation begins with the conversion of mesodermal precursor cells into single-cell myoblasts, which then fuse to form myocytes. Further fusion of the myocytes produces multinucleate myotubes.
How are skeletal muscle cells Specialised?
Many cells are specialised. They have structures that are adapted for their function. For example, muscle cells bring parts of the body closer together. They contain protein fibres that can contract when energy is available, making the cells shorter.
Why is myogenesis important?
Specifically, it regulates the type of muscle fiber developed and its maturations. Low levels of TCF4 promote both slow and fast myogenesis, overall promoting the maturation of muscle fiber type. Thereby this shows the close relationship of muscle with connective tissue during the embryonic development.
What are stem cells in skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscle contains two types of stem cells: satellite cells, which function as myogenic precursors, and a population of multipotent adult stem cells. Satellite cells are believed to form a stable, self-renewing pool of stem cells in adult muscle where they function in tissue growth and repair.
What is the name of a skeletal muscle cell?
Within the fasciculus, each individual muscle cell, called a muscle fiber, is surrounded by connective tissue called the endomysium.
What cells are found in skeletal muscle?
The Skeletal Muscle Fiber. Skeletal muscle cells or fibers are highly elongated cells with a very elastic and resistant plasma membrane, called the sarcolemma. Fibers are characterized by the presence of numerous nuclei located at the periphery of the cell, hence muscle fibers are described as a syncytium.
What is a skeletal muscle cell?
Skeletal muscle cells or fibers are highly elongated cells with a very elastic and resistant plasma membrane, called the sarcolemma. Fibers are characterized by the presence of numerous nuclei located at the periphery of the cell, hence muscle fibers are described as a syncytium.
Which of the following are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
A Alternate light and dark bands.
What are satellite cells in skeletal muscle?
Satellite cells are the primary stem cells in adult skeletal muscle and are responsible for postnatal muscle growth, hypertrophy and regeneration. Since their original identification, satellite cells have been considered as unipotent myogenic precursor cells.
What is Mytocyte?
A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte), or a smooth muscle cell as these are both small cells. A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber.
Can we describe the directional differentiation of skeletal muscle cells?
In this review, we describe the directional differentiation of skeletal muscle cells according to the sequence of three pillars of tissue engineering. We first introduced the process of skeletal muscle regeneration under physiological conditions and the chemical signals expressed at each differentiation stage.
What happens to satellite cells during myogenic differentiation?
When skeletal muscle growth and regeneration are needed, satellite cells will be activated to start myogenic differentiation and then start to proliferate and differentiate into muscle fibers, thus, forming muscle tissue [ 57
What is the efficiency of direct differentiation of MSC into muscle cells?
As for the direct differentiation of MSC into skeletal muscle cells, the current efficiency is still very low. Only 15% of ADSCs can differentiate into skeletal muscle in differentiation medium [ 94
What factors affect the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells?
The proliferation and differentiation of SCs can be modulated by nutrients such as dietary carbohydrate, vitamin D, and Vitamin E (Chapalamadugu et al., 2009; Alami-Durante et al., 2011; Khor et al., 2016; Braga et al., 2017); however, their effect varies depending on the origin of muscle type (Powell et al., 2014).