Is ductile fracture typically intergranular or transgranular?

Nevertheless, the fracture of brittle materials hides the clues of fracture since the lack of plastic deformation during the fracture. Ductile fracture generally occurs in a transgranular way.

What is intergranular and transgranular?

While intergranular cracking denotes the failure of interfaces between contiguous grains, transgranular cracking refers to the failure of individual bulk grains along specific crystallographic planes.

What conditions promote intergranular fracture?

Generally, the causes of intergranular fracture are:

• Grain boundary precipitates.
• Segregation of impurities to grain boundaries by thermal processing.
• Elevated temperatures and stress (creep).
• Environmentally attack or weakening of the grain boundaries (usually specific systems).

What is intergranular fracture?

Intergranular fracture is the propagation of cracks along the grain boundaries of a metal or alloy. It is a fracture that follows the grains of the material. Intergranular fractures travel along the grain boundaries, rather than through the actual grains.

Which factors favor crack initiation in intergranular fracture?

Factors that favor crack initiation include: There are several processes that can lead to intergranular fracture, as follows: Microvoid nucleation and coalescence at inclusions or second phase particles located along grain boundaries Grain boundary crack and cavity formation associated with conditions due to elevated temperature stress rupture

What is intergranular stress corrosion cracking?

The combination of stress and IGC, for some alloys/environment systems will cause intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) (Zhou and Zuo, 2015 ). At the boundaries between the grains of metals, lattices of different orientations meet and zones of less perfect structure than that of the interior of the grains are formed.

What is the difference between Intergranular cracking and transgranular SCC?

In contrast to intergranular cracking, transgranular SCC is associated with a near-neutral pH, around pH 7, typically in areas of the pipeline that cathodic protection has not reached, such as under disbonded coatings that shield the underlying pipe from cathodic protection.